Though by itself PoS does not ensure scaling, it will create the necessary infrastructure for the introduction of sharding – a groundbreaking scaling solution that will help increase the transaction processing speed to 1000 tps and beyond. In this Whitepaper, we provide a detailed overview of how sharding works and how it will be implemented in Ethereum Beacon.
To become a validator, users need to make a security deposit, which will minimize the risk of abusive behavior. The key chain will also process the block-by-block consensus and its own cross link - a confirmation set by the validator that makes it possible to insert shard segments into the key chain.
In short, it will be the basis on which the sharding system is built. The combination of internal consensus and crossing, independent validation in each shard, and storage system will create a fast, efficient and safe network environment that can easily scale and accommodate dApps of all type.
Validators will get a stable return on their deposit investment, while the transition to PoS will solve the problem of energy waste and achieve real decentralization - free from mining agricultural hegemony.
What are the requirements for the beacon circuit?
Thus, you can send your 32 Ether to a deposit agreement along with two other parameters. Thus, the function has 3 parameters. First of all, any transaction that is deposited must contain 32 ethers. You also need a specific pub key and a specific withdrawal address. This way, you will have a pub key for Ethereum, and then you will have another pub key that you use for output.
Thus, you specify some data and, at least, you have two publishing keys. When you enter the correct transaction, it creates a receipt. Thus, any customer of the stake confirmation beacon chain will need at least sufficient access to the proof of work chain. Therefore, you should know what block hashes are and which deposit receipts were between any two checkpoints. Thus, to prove customer interest, it is enough to be an easy customer.
How do flare chains work?
There will be a lighthouse chain parallel to the chain of beams Ethereum. Because of the valuation mechanism, the possibility of having a level that is far lower than 25 percent. So, some evidence of cola blocks has a clue pointing to the main chain. The next blocks of the flare chain indicate the next blocks in the main chain. Therefore, there are hard rules about consensus.
References to the child's main chain must be the same or derivative from the reference to the main chain of ancestors. When you process the block later, it will be part of the agreed rules, which you must also follow.
Thus, the one who made the deposit will eventually add to the validator, which is stored in a later block. The chain of lighthouses inside you have several sets of validators. Thus, in the current set, you have an active validator, a pending validator, and a validator set out. Thus, if you make a deposit, you will be merged into a pending validator set.
Roadmap Implementation
- Snapshot of the Ethereum network – August 8, 2019, 20:00 GMT;
- Distribution of free EBEA tokens after the snapshot to ETH users;
- Launch of the bounty campaign;
- Launching a test PoS key chain (the main Proof-of-Work chain and the Proof-of-Stake
key chain coexist);
- Security deposits from users who wish to become validators on the PoS key chain;
- No possibility to transfer EBEA between the original PoW mainnet, created for running basic dApps and for the purposes of the airdrop and bounty campaigns, and the PoS key
chain.
Phase Beta – Implementation of Basic Sharding (Q2 2020 – Q4 2020)
- Initial implementation of the sharding system integrated with the Key chain;
- Testing the new consensus and validation procedures will work on it: pseudo-random selection of block stakers and finalizers, the voting mechanism, finalization of blocks,creation of cross-links and receipts, passing the collation data on to the Key chain, storing receipts in a merkle tree, committee sizes, etc.
- Sharding will not be used for the actual execution of transactions at this stage;
- Introduction of rules for shard block fork choice (contingency rule), header verification,body verification, and crosslink verification.
Phase Gamma: Sharding with EVM/EWASM (Q1 2021 – Q4 2021)
- Completing the state migration to the new Key chain network;
- Original PoW chain will become obsolete;
- Full implementation of sharding, including transaction confirmations and recording of account balances done on individual shards;
- Rewards for validators;
- Development of Ethereum Beacon Assembly - a faster, more portable alternative to the outdated Ethereum Virtual machine;
- Testing the Ethereum Beacon Assembly on selected shards.
- Migrating to Ethereum Beacon Assembly on remaining shards.
Phase Delta: cross-sharding, exponential sharding and beyond (Q1 2022 – Q4 2022)
- Migration of remaining dApps from the old virtual machine to Beacon Assembly;
- Developing of new applications using the new virtual machine;
- Further work on asynchronous and synchronous cross-shard transactions;
- Start of work on exponential sharding.
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